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简介魔兽争霸 3：混乱之治经过数月的漫长准备，克尔苏加德率领他的诅咒教派向洛丹伦发起了第一轮攻击，释放了亡灵瘟疫。乌瑟尔和他的圣骑士们调查了受瘟疫感染的地区，希望能找到一种解救的办法。他们不断地努力，但是瘟疫仍然在扩散，甚至威胁到了联盟的统一。亡灵的威胁横扫洛丹伦，国王泰瑞纳斯的独子——阿尔萨斯王子担当起了对抗亡灵天灾的重任。阿尔萨斯成功地消灭了克尔苏加德，但是亡灵的军队并没有因此而减少，反而有更

魔兽争霸 3：混乱之治

经过数月的漫长准备，克尔苏加德率领他的诅咒教派向洛丹伦发起了第一轮攻击，释放了亡灵瘟疫。乌瑟尔和他的圣骑士们调查了受瘟疫感染的地区，希望能找到一种解救的办法。他们不断地努力，但是瘟疫仍然在扩散，甚至威胁到了联盟的统一。

亡灵的威胁横扫洛丹伦，国王泰瑞纳斯的独子——阿尔萨斯王子担当起了对抗亡灵天灾的重任。阿尔萨斯成功地消灭了克尔苏加德，但是亡灵的军队并没有因此而减少，反而有更多阵亡的人类士兵成为了新的亡灵。面对势不可挡的强大力量和失败的挫折感，阿尔萨斯采取了更极端的抵抗措施。最后，阿尔萨斯的战友告诫他，不要因此丧失了高贵的人格。

阿尔萨斯的恐惧和决心导致了他最终的覆灭。他追踪瘟疫的源头直到诺森德大陆，想要彻底消除瘟疫的威胁。然而，阿尔萨斯王子最终成为了巫妖王的猎物，他拔出了被诅咒的魔剑——霜之哀伤，因为他深信这么做可以挽救自己的臣民。虽然这把剑的确给他带来了深不可测的力量，但它同时也夺取了王子的灵魂，使他变成巫妖王手下最强大的亡骑士。彻底丧失心智的阿尔萨斯带领亡灵天灾回到了自己的王国。最终，阿尔萨斯刺杀了他的父亲——泰瑞纳斯国王，随后又率领巫妖王的大军踏平了整个洛丹伦。

虽然阿尔萨斯打败了他目前的所有敌人，但他却摆脱不了克尔苏加德的鬼魂。鬼魂告诉阿尔萨斯，为了巫妖王的下一步计划，他必须复活，方法就是把他的尸骨带到高等精灵王国奎尔萨拉斯的太阳之井去。

阿尔萨斯和亡灵天灾侵入奎尔萨拉斯，将精灵围困在脆弱的防线后。银月城的游侠领袖娜斯·风行者奋勇战斗，但仍不敌阿尔萨斯。阿尔萨斯摧枯拉朽般地击溃了精灵的部队，顺利进入了太阳之井。作为展示他的力量的手段，他把娜斯的遗体变成女妖，使她永远不，永远向阿尔萨斯这个奎尔萨拉斯的征服者效忠。

最后，阿尔萨斯把克尔苏加德的尸骨浸没在太阳之井的圣水中。尽管永恒的圣水因此受到了污染，克尔苏加德却复活成为了一个法力强大的巫妖，重获新生之后的克尔苏加德向阿尔萨斯解释了巫妖王的下一步计划。当阿尔萨斯和他的亡灵军队挥师南下时，奎尔萨拉斯已是寂沉沉。屹立了九千多年的高等精灵的王城从此不复存在。

克尔苏加德复活之后，阿尔萨斯就率领亡灵天灾杀向了达拉然。他们要在那里得到麦迪文之书，然后用它来召唤阿克蒙德，然后阿克蒙德将亲自率领燃烧军团发起最后的进攻。就连肯瑞托的法师也无法阻止阿尔萨斯的军队偷到麦迪文之书。很快，克尔苏加德就凑齐了施展魔法所需的物品。在距第一次入侵艾泽拉斯世界失败的一万年后，强大的恶魔阿克蒙德和他的部队再次浮现在艾泽拉斯世界的上空。然而，达拉然并不是他们的最终目标。在基尔加丹的命令下，阿克蒙德和他的恶魔跟随亡灵天灾到达了卡利姆多，他们计划要摧毁世界之树——诺达希尔。

在这场混乱当中，一个孤独而神秘的预言者给危难之中的弱小种族提供了指引。这个预言者不是别人，正是最后一位守护者，麦迪文，他正在努力挽救自己犯下的错误。麦迪文告知兽人部落和人类联盟，危险就在眼前，双方应该即刻联合起来。但是由于世代交恶，他们是不可能合作的。麦迪文不得不分别警告兽人和人类，即便是使用预言术或者欺骗的手段，也要引导他们渡过大海，前往传说中的大陆——卡利姆多。兽人和人类很快就遇到了隐居很久的卡多雷文明。

萨尔领导兽人经历了千辛万苦，在卡利姆多的荒地上展开了探索。尽管友善的牛头人凯恩·血蹄和强壮的牛头人战士慷慨相助，很多兽人还是开始屈服于折磨他们多年的杀戮欲。萨尔的副官——格罗姆·地狱咆哮——甚至背叛了兽人部落，屈服于这种由恶魔带来的欲望。格罗姆·地狱咆哮和他的战歌氏族在灰谷遇到了远古暗夜精灵的哨兵。在确认兽人再次显示出了他们好战的本性之后，半神塞纳留斯亲自前来驱逐这些兽人。然而，地狱咆哮和他的手下被无尽的仇恨和愤怒所控制，杀了半神塞纳留斯，玷污了古老的森林。最后，地狱咆哮帮助萨尔打败了玛诺洛斯——这个当初利用自己充满仇恨和愤怒的鲜血诅咒兽人的恶魔领主，赢回了自己的荣誉。随着玛诺洛斯的去，兽人也从恶魔的诅咒中永远解脱了出来。

当麦迪文劝说兽人和人类组成联盟的时候，暗夜精灵依靠他们的力量独力对抗着燃烧军团。暗夜精灵的大祭司泰兰德·风语者独立奋战，将恶魔和亡灵抵挡在灰谷外。泰兰德也感到她需要援兵，于是，她前去唤醒沉睡了千年的德鲁伊们。有了爱人玛法里奥·怒风的帮助，泰兰德成功地加强了防御，击退了燃烧军团。大自然在德鲁伊的帮助下击溃了燃烧军团和亡灵天灾。

在寻找更多沉睡的德鲁伊时，玛法里奥发现了关押他的亲生兄弟伊利丹的石牢。泰兰德相信伊利丹将助他们一臂之力，于是就把他释放了出来。虽然伊利丹确实帮助了他们一段时间，但他最终还是走上了自己的道路。

暗夜精灵团结一心，坚决抵抗燃烧军团。然而燃烧军团一刻也没有停止过对永恒之井的渴望，始终妄想得到世界之树的力量。如果他们的计划得逞，世界将在这群恶魔的手中彻底毁灭。

在麦迪文的指导下，萨尔和卡利姆多人类部队首领吉安娜·普罗德摩尔认识到他们必须将分歧抛之脑后。同时，玛法里奥和泰兰德领导的暗夜精灵也意识到他们必须团结起来才能保护世界之树。在达成共识之后，艾泽拉斯的各个种族开始尽最大可能加强世界之树的防御工事。玛法里奥依靠所有人的力量成功地释放出诺达希尔的怒火，彻底消灭了阿克蒙德，将燃烧军团从永恒之井赶了出去。这场最后的战役震撼了卡利姆多的大地，未能吸取永恒之井能量的燃烧军团在艾泽拉斯联合阵营的威力面前灰飞烟灭。

魔兽争霸 3X:冰封王座

在燃烧军团对灰谷展开入侵期间，伊利丹结束了他在地牢中近万年的囚犯生涯。他曾尽力让他的伙伴对他安心，但很快他就原形毕露，吸收了一个被称为“古尔丹之颅”的强大术士神器的能量。完成吸收之后的伊利丹变化成了一个拥有恶魔外表和强大力量的生物，他还获得了古尔丹的一部分记忆，特别是关于萨格拉斯之墓——那座传说中位于一座小岛上的，埋藏着黑暗泰坦萨格拉斯遗骸的地牢。

重新获得力量和自由的伊利丹急于证明自己的价值。然而他碰上了基尔加丹，这个恶魔向他提出了一个难以抗拒的提议。基尔加丹对阿克蒙德在海加尔山的失败非常恼火，不过他还有比复仇更重要的事情要做。在觉察到自己的杰作巫妖王变得过于强大而难以控制之后，基尔加丹命令伊利丹去终结耐奥祖，并永远消灭亡灵天灾的力量。作为交易的条件，伊利丹将会得到巨大的力量并在燃烧军团的领导者中占有一席之地。

伊利丹同意了这个计划，并立刻开始准备摧毁囚禁着巫妖王灵魂的冰晶块：冰封王座。伊利丹知道他需要一件强大的神器来摧毁冰封王座，于是他准备用从古尔丹的记忆中得到的知识去寻找萨格拉斯之墓并得到黑暗泰坦的遗物。他将那些蛇一般的那迦从黑暗的深海巢穴中召唤出来。在狡猾的首领瓦辛的带领下，那迦帮助伊利丹寻找传说中萨格拉斯之墓所在的破碎岛屿。

在伊利丹和那迦出发的同时，典狱官玛维·影歌也开始了对他的追捕。玛维在这一万年里一直担任伊利丹的看守，她相信自己可以重新抓获伊利丹。然而，狡猾的伊利丹让玛维和哨兵们的努力化为泡影，并成功窃取了萨格拉斯之眼。伊利丹带着这个强大的神器来到魔法之城达拉然。城市里的能量装置强化了伊利丹的力量，他开始使用萨格拉斯之眼施展一个毁灭性的法术来对付位于遥远的诺森德大陆上的巫妖王。伊利丹的法术粉碎了巫妖王的防御力量并割裂了世界之脊。在最后的时刻，这个毁灭性的咒语被赶来支援玛维的玛法里奥和女祭司泰兰德所阻止。

伊利丹很清楚，基尔加丹绝对不会对他的失败善罢甘休，便逃向荒凉的外域，这里是德拉诺的残留地域，曾经是兽人的家园。伊利丹决定在这里避避风头并计划他的下一步行动。在成功地阻止了伊利丹之后，玛法里奥和泰兰德回到灰谷的家园去照顾他们的人民。然而玛维并不打算善罢甘休，她尾随伊利丹来到外域，下决心要把他带回去接受审判。

此时，亡灵天灾已将洛丹伦和奎尔萨拉斯彻底变成了充满剧毒的瘟疫之地。那里只有一些小规模的联盟抵抗力量仍在苟延残喘。其中的一个组织主要由高等精灵组成，他们的领导者是逐日者王朝的最后一个成员，凯尔萨斯王子。作为一名出色的法师，凯尔小心翼翼地在几近覆灭的联盟中成长。高等精灵对家园的沦陷非常悲痛，为了向去的同胞表示敬意，他们改称自己为血精灵。当血精灵奋力遏制亡灵天灾的攻势时，他们因为离开了太阳之井这个力量的源泉而备受煎熬。为了缓解手下们与生俱来的对于魔法的饥渴，凯尔做了件令人无法想象的事情：他接受了他们的高等精灵祖先伸出的援手，怀着找到一个新的魔法力量之源的希望加入了伊利丹和他的那迦部队。残余的联盟领袖谴责血精灵为叛徒，并将他们永远驱逐。

走投无路之下，凯尔和他的血精灵们只得跟随伊利丹来到外域，并帮助他对付典狱官玛维。玛维本已将伊利丹抓获，却被血精灵和那迦联手击败，伊利丹也被重新解放。伊利丹将外域作为自己的基地，为了向巫妖王和他的寒冰皇冠要塞发起新一轮的进攻而聚集着力量。

巫妖王耐奥祖知道自己已经时日不多了。被囚禁在冰封王座之中的他怀疑基尔加丹会派出手下来毁灭自己，伊利丹的咒语造成的伤害破坏了冰封王座，巫妖王的力量因而一天天地丧失。于是，急于自保的耐奥祖将他最强大的手下——亡骑士阿尔萨斯召唤到身边。

阿尔萨斯的力量随着巫妖王的虚弱而渐渐流失，他陷入了洛丹伦的一场内战中。女妖娜斯·风行者领导着半数的亡灵军团发动了一场试图颠覆阿尔萨斯统治的政变。正当战斗扩散到整个瘟疫之地时，阿尔萨斯被巫妖王所召唤，领导权被移交给了他的副官克尔苏加德。

最终, 娜斯和她的亡灵叛军（他们被称作被遗忘者）将洛丹伦都城的废墟占为己有。被遗忘者在都城的残骸下建立起了自己的基地，他们发誓要击败天灾并将克尔苏加德和他的仆从赶出大陆。

力量遭到削弱的阿尔萨斯仍决定去援救他的主人。他到达诺森德后却发现伊利丹的血精灵和那迦已经先他一步到了那里。于是，阿尔萨斯和他的蜘蛛怪只得与伊利丹的部队争夺时间，他要率先到达寒冰皇冠冰川并保护冰封王座。

即便是在如此虚弱的情况下，阿尔萨斯最终仍以策略战胜了伊利丹，并率先抵达了冰封王座。阿尔萨斯用他的魔剑霜之哀伤击碎了囚禁巫妖王的冰牢，并得到了耐奥祖附魂的头盔和胸甲。阿尔萨斯将拥有无尽力量的头盔戴到了自己的头上，成为了新的巫妖王。正如耐奥祖一直计划的那样，他和阿尔萨斯的灵魂合体成为一个强大的生物。伊利丹和他的军队被迫耻辱地逃回外域，阿尔萨斯则成了这个世界上最强大的生物之一。

现在的阿尔萨斯作为新的不朽的巫妖王占据着诺森德，据说他正在那里重建寒冰皇冠城堡，而他所信任的副官克尔苏加德则统领着瘟疫之地的天灾部队。娜斯和她的反叛亡灵力量仅仅控制着提瑞斯法林地，那只是被饱经战乱的洛丹伦王国的一小部分。

尽管获得了战争的胜利，但艾泽拉斯的各个种族却发现他们的世界早已被战争所摧毁。亡灵天灾和燃烧军团毁灭了洛丹伦的文明，卡利姆多也几乎遭受同样的命运。这里有饱经创伤的森林需要治愈，有无边的仇恨需要忘却，人民需要新的家园来定居。战争重创了每一个种族，但他们无私地合作，想要创造一个新的开端。这一切都从联盟和部落之间极为来之不易的停战开始。

萨尔领导着兽人来到卡利姆多大陆，他们在牛头人同胞的帮助下建立了一个新的家园。兽人们以萨尔被暗杀的父亲的名字将这新的国家命名为杜隆坦，他们定居下来，并试图重建他们那一度辉煌的文明。现在恶魔的诅咒被终结了，部落从一股好战的狂热力量变为了一个松散的联盟，生存与繁荣是他们的首要任务。在高贵的牛头人和狡猾的暗矛部落巨魔的帮助下，萨尔和他的兽人们期盼着一个和平的新纪元的到来。

吉安娜·普罗德摩尔手下残存的联盟力量定居在南卡里姆多。他们在东海岸的尘泥沼泽附近建立了简陋的港口城市塞拉摩。人类和矮人同盟合力在这片充满危险的土地上生存，尽管杜隆坦和塞拉摩的防御力量彼此暂时停战，但这个脆弱的殖民地的平静并不意味着最终的和平。

人类和兽人间的和平被一支抵达卡利姆多的庞大联盟舰队所破坏。海军上将戴林·普罗德摩尔（吉安娜的父亲）率领这支舰队在阿尔塞斯毁灭洛丹伦之前离开了那里。海上数月的航行令人筋疲力尽，但是普罗德摩尔仍然寻找着一切他可以找到的联盟幸存者。

海军上将普罗德摩尔的舰队对该地区的稳定造成了严重的威胁。作为一位在第二次战争中声名显赫的英雄，吉安娜的父亲是部落的敌，他决心在兽人站稳脚跟之前摧毁杜隆坦。

普罗德摩尔强迫吉安娜做出一个艰难的抉择：支持他对抗兽人并且背叛她的新同盟，或者与她的亲生父亲交战来维护联盟和部落之间来之不易的脆弱和平。在一番思想斗争之后，吉安娜选择了后者，她帮助萨尔打败了她疯狂的父亲。不幸地是，海军上将在吉安娜向他证明兽人已经不再是嗜血的怪物并与他和解之前就战了。出于吉安娜对部落的忠诚情义，兽人们同意让她的部队安全地回到塞拉摩的家园。

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魔兽争霸 3:冰封王座

几句歌词求英文歌名称，女声

mania的意思是狂躁症，Please read:

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Mania疯狂

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia，自由的百科全书

Jump to: navigation , search跳转到：导航，搜索

This article is an expansion of a section entitled Mania from within the main article Bipolar disorder .这篇文章是题为内的主要文章躁郁症疯狂扩张的一节。 For other uses, see Mania (disambiguation) .作其他用途，请疯狂（消歧义）。

Manic episode躁狂发作

Classification and external resources 分类系统及外部资源

ICD - 10 疾病分类 - 10 F 30. F 30。

ICD - 9 疾病分类 - 9 296.0 Single manic episode, 296.4 Most recent episode manic, 296.6 Most recent episode mixed 296.0单躁狂发作，296.4最新事件狂躁，296.6最新事件混合

MeSH 网格 D001714 D001714

Mania (from Greek μαν?α from μα?νομαι - mainomai , "to rage, to be furious") is a state of abnormally elevated or irritable mood , arousal, and/ or energy levels, which is a criterion for certain psychiatric diagnoses. [ 1 ] There are several possible causes for mania including drug abuse and brain tumors, but it is most often associated with bipolar disorder , where episodes of mania alternate with episodes of major depression . 疯狂（从从μα?νομαι 希腊 μαν?α - mainomai，“猖獗，被愤怒”）是一种异常升高或烦躁的心情，兴奋的状态，和/或能量水平，这是某些精神病的诊断标准。[1]有有几种可能的原因躁狂症，包括滥用毒品和脑肿瘤，但它往往与躁郁症，有关地方情节躁狂症与抑郁交替发作。 These cycles may relate to diurnal rhythms and environmental stressors .这些周期可能与昼夜节律和环境压力。 Mania varies in intensity, from mild mania (known as hypomania ) to full-blown mania with psychotic features ( hallucinations and delusions ).疯狂的强度不同，从轻度躁狂症，（被称为轻躁狂），以全面的与（幻觉和妄想）精神病特征热潮。 Mania and hypomania have also been associated with creativity and artistic talent. [ 2 ] In the most severe cases, however, manic patients may need to be hospitalized to protect themselves and others.躁狂和轻躁狂还与创意和艺术才华。[2]在最严重的病例，但是，躁狂病人可能需要住院，以保护自己和他人。

Contents目录 [hide]

1 Characteristics 1 特性

2 Mixed states 2 混合态

3 Hypomania 3 轻躁狂

4 Associated disorders 4 相关疾病

5 Medical treatment 5 医疗

6 Psychopharmacology 6 精神药理学

7 Mania and over the counter drugs 7 疯狂和非处方药

8 Personal accounts 8 个人帐户

9 See also 9 参见

10 References 10 参考

11 Further Readings 11 进一步的读物

12 External links 12 外部链接

[ edit ] Characteristics [ 编辑 ] 特征

Characteristics of mania include rapid speech , racing thoughts, decreased need for sleep, hypersexuality , euphoria , impulsiveness, grandiosity , and increased interest in goal-directed activities. [ 3 ] Mild forms of mania, known as hypomania , cause little or no impairment, but some people who suffer from prolonged hypomania may develop full mania. [ 4 ]躁狂症的特征包括快速的讲话，思绪，减少睡眠，hypersexuality，欣快感，易冲动，宏伟的需要，并增加了针对活动的目标利益。[3]为轻躁狂称为躁狂症，温和的形式，很少或没有造成损害，但有些人因长期轻躁狂谁可能遭受全面发展热潮。[4]

Another characteristic of mania is racing thoughts during which the sufferer is excessively distracted by unimportant stimuli. [ 5 ] This negative experience creates an inability to function and an absentmindedness where the manic individual's thoughts totally preoccupy him or her, making him or her unable to keep track of time or be aware of anything besides the flow of thoughts.狂热的另一个特点是比赛期间，患者受到了过分的刺激而分心的想法不重要。[5]这种消极的经验，创建了一个无法运作和注意力分散其中躁狂个人的想法完全全神贯注他或她，这使他或她无法跟上跟踪时间是除了思想流动任何事。 Racing thoughts also interfere with the ability to fall asleep.思绪也干扰能力入睡。

Manic characteristics include irritability , anger or rage, delusions , hypersensitivity, hypersexuality , hyper- religiosity , hyperactivity , impulsiveness, racing thoughts, talkativeness, pressure to keep talking or rapid speech, grandiose ideas and plans, and decreased need for sleep (eg feels rested after 3 or 4 hours of sleep).躁狂特征包括烦躁，愤怒，愤怒，妄想，过敏，hypersexuality，超的宗教信仰，多动，冲动，思绪，多话，压力保持或快速讲话说，宏伟的思想和计划，并减少对睡眠的需要（如感觉休息在3或4小时的睡眠）。 In manic and hypomanic cases, the afflicted person may engage in out of character behavior such as questionable business transactions, wasteful expenditures of money, risky sexual activity, recreational drug abuse, abnormal social interaction, or highly vocal arguments uncharacteristic of previous behaviors.在躁狂和轻躁狂的情况下，受灾的人，可以从事诸如可疑的商业交易，资金浪费开支，危险性活动，娱乐物滥用，不正常的社会交往，或高度上的议论声如此异常的行为在他的性格行为。 These behaviors increase stress in personal relationships, problems at work and increase the risk of altercations with law enforcement as well as being at high risk of impulsively taking part in activities potentially harmful to self and others. [ citation needed ]这些行为增加人际关系紧张，工作问题，提高执法争吵的风险，以及正在参与的冲动活动可能危害自己和他人的高风险。[ 编辑 ]

Although "severely elevated mood" sounds somewhat desirable and enjoyable, the experience of mania is often quite unpleasant and sometimes disturbing, if not frightening, for the person involved (and those close to them), and may lead to impulsive behavior that may later be regretted.虽然“严重升高心情”听起来有点可取的，愉快的，躁狂症的经验往往是相当不愉快，有时令人不安的是，如果并不可怕，对有关的人（以及那些向他们关闭），并可能导致冲动行为，可能会在以后感到遗憾。 It can also often be complicated by the sufferer's lack of judgment and insight regarding periods of exacerbation of characteristic states.它也往往是复杂患者的判断和了解有关国家的特点，缺乏加剧时期。 Manic patients are frequently grandiose, obsessive, impulsive, irritable, belligerent, and frequently deny anything is wrong with them.躁狂患者往往宏大，强迫，冲动，易怒，好斗，经常拒绝任何与他们错了。 Because mania frequently encourages high energy and decreased perception of need or ability to sleep, within a few days of a manic cycle, sleep-deprived psychosis may appear, further complicating the ability to think clearly.由于狂热经常鼓励高耗能，减少或能力的需要睡觉的看法，在一个疯狂的循环，剥夺睡眠精神病，可能会出现，进一步复杂化的能力，想清楚了几天。 Racing thoughts and misperceptions lead to frustration and decreased ability to communicate with others.赛车的想法和误解导致挫折的能力下降，并与他人沟通。

There are different "stages" or "states" of mania.有不同的“阶段”或“国家的狂热”。 For example, a minor state may involve increased creativity, wit, gregariousness, and ambition.例如，一个小国家，可能涉及更大的创造力，智慧，合群，和雄心。 However, a more serious state of mania may involve lack of good judgment, lack of ability to focus, and even psychosis .然而，更严重的躁狂症可能涉及国家良好的判断力，集中精力的能力缺乏，甚至精神病。 The victim of mania may feel elated; however, he/she may also feel irritable, frustrated, and may experience derealization .躁狂症的受害者可能会感到高兴，但他/她可能觉得烦躁，沮丧，可能会遇到现实解体。

[ edit ] Mixed states [ 编辑 ] 混合态

Main article: Mixed episode主条目：混合集

Mania can be experienced at the same time as depression, in a mixed episode . Dysphoric mania is primarily manic and agitated depression is primarily depressed.疯狂经历可以作为抑郁症的同时，在混合发作。烦躁狂热主要是躁狂和抑郁症激动主要是沮丧。 This has caused speculation amongst doctors that mania and depression are two independent axes in a bipolar spectrum , rather than opposites.这已引起医生猜测，躁狂症和抑郁症是两个独立的轴在双极频谱，而不是对立的。

There is an increased probability of suicide in the mixed state, as depressed individuals who are also manic have the energy needed to commit the act and the thoughts of depression that would lead them initially to suicide.有一个自杀的混合状态的可能性越来越大，如抑郁症躁狂谁也有需要承诺的行为和抑郁症的想法，会导致他们自杀的最初能量。

[ edit ] Hypomania [ 编辑 ] 轻躁狂

Main article: Hypomania主条目：轻躁狂

Hypomania is a lowered state of mania that does little to impair function or decrease quality of life [ 6 ] .轻躁狂是一种癫狂状态下降，不会对功能或减少损害生活质量[6]。 In hypomania there is less need for sleep, and both goal-motivated behavior and metabolism increase.在轻躁狂有睡眠需求减少，这两个目标，动机和行为，提高新陈代谢。 Though the elevated mood and energy level typical of hypomania could be seen as a benefit, mania itself generally has many undesirable consequences including suicidal tendencies.虽然高架心情和能级的轻躁狂的典型可以被看作是一项福利，狂热本身一般具有自杀倾向，其中包括许多不良后果。

[ edit ] Associated disorders [ 编辑 ] 相关疾病

A single manic episode is sufficient to diagnose Bipolar I Disorder .单一躁狂发作足以诊断双相I型障碍。 Hypomania may be indicative of Bipolar II Disorder or Cyclothymia .轻躁狂可能表明第二双极障碍或环性心境障碍。 However, if prominent psychotic symptoms are present for a duration significantly longer than the mood episode, a diagnosis of Schizoaffective Disorder is more appropriate.Several types of Mania such as kleptomania and pyromania are related more closely to OCD than to Bipolar Disorder, depending on the seriousness of these disorders.但是，如果突出的精神病症状，持续时间为1比事件的情绪，一个精神分裂症障碍诊断显着延长，更appropriate.Several疯狂的类型，如kleptomania和放火狂的关系较为紧密，强迫症，而不是躁郁症，取决于这些疾病的严重程度。 For instance, someone with kleptomania who suffers from impulses to steal things such as pencils, pens, and paperclips is better diagnosed with a form of OCD or Hypomania, but someone with pyromania who receives impulses to commit serious acts of arson (setting fire to large areas of private and/or public property) would be diagnosed with a very serious case of Mania or Bipolar Disorder.例如，有人用kleptomania谁的冲动遭受窃取，如铅笔，钢笔东西，纸夹更好诊断患有强迫症或轻躁狂的形式，而是放火狂谁收到的冲动犯下纵火严重的行为人（放火大私人领域和/或公共财产）将与躁狂症或躁郁症非常严重的情况下诊断。

B12 deficiency can also cause characteristics of mania and psychosis. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] B12缺乏还可能导致躁狂症和精神病的特征。[7] [8]

200字英语美文摘抄欣赏

歌曲: Important (Album Versi.. 歌手: Lisa Marie Presley 专辑: 《To Whom It M..》

复制歌词下载LRC歌词

Maybe if I liked being alone I could give you your life back and let you go.

Maybe if I got it together again I wouldn't be belligerent and such a princess.

Maybe the reason I'm so needy is because I never had real devotion.

Maybe I criticized your loyalty because it wasn't given to me.

Do you know who I am.

It's me in here with the doctor and the crowd around me.

They are my chosen family.

I guess I'm important, but what about them standing there they can't get in.

They're smiling at me, I guess they're used to this.

Maybe I'll stop wondering when I'm gonna die.

Maybe then I'll stop holding so hard to my life.

Maybe next time I see my reflection my mind won't be with me.

Maybe my brutal honesty is only because I can get away with it.

Maybe I'll squash you relentlessly because you tried to crush me.

Please get out of my way I don't like ing waiting.

You need to bring me my food first I'm not the one you want to starve.

Maybe you think you're my friend.

Maybe one day you'll give a shit about what I am.

I guess you're not important, but what about you standing there you can't get in.

You're smiling at me I guess you're used to this.

Breaking Benjamin的《home》歌词

　经典美文作为传统文化的精粹,对健全学生人格的发展有着深远的意义。我整理了200字英语美文，欢迎阅读!

200字英语美文篇一

　Too many people think of happiness as the ultimate goal of life. But, if you?re waiting for happiness to arrive then it?s likely that it never will!

　有太多人把幸福当作人生的终极目标，但如果你只是等待幸福来敲门，幸福可能永远都不会到来!

　You?re always wanting something more, always looking forward to a time when you?ll be ?happy?. And, if you fall into this trap, you?ll never reach that goal. Happiness should not be your life?s goal, it should be your life! The only time to be happy is right now! It?s state of mind, not a set of accomplishments or the accumulation of material things. You must accept that life will always have challenges and things will not always go your way.

　你总是期待得到更多，总是期待着你变?幸福?的那一刻。然而，如果你陷入这种思维陷阱，那你永远也达不到这个目的。幸福不该是生活的目标，它应该是生活本身!幸福唯一该存在的时刻，就是每时每刻的现在!它是一种心态，而不是一连串的成就，或者物质财富的积累。你必须要接受的是：生活中总会有挑战，事情不会总朝着你期望的方向发展。

　Instead of feeling disappointed when things don?t work out the way you?d hoped, feel grateful for the experience. Instead of dreaming of a brighter, happier, richer tomorrow, make today as wonderful as you can.

　事情的发展不如你所愿时不要沮丧，你要对拥有这次体验心存感激。不要幻想着明天会更美好、更幸福、更富有，要尽可能精彩地过好今天。

　Happiness is a conscious decision and that I can make it right now. Thinking of the future and having aspirations is essential to leading a happy and fulfilled life. The trick is not to let thoughts of the future overshadow your enjoyment of the present and the appreciation of the things and people you have in your life right now!

　幸福是我此刻就能做出的有意识的决定。思考未来、胸怀大志是幸福美满生活的基础，关键在于不要让对未来的思考掩盖当下的快乐和对现在生活中人和事的感激!

　There is no way to happiness: happiness is the way!

　没有通往幸福的路：幸福本身就是一条路!

　Stop waiting for happiness to arrive and simply decide to be happy! It?s not some great goal or destination, it?s a journey and a way of life.

　不要再等着幸福登门了，你需要做的仅仅是决定幸福地活着!这不是什么伟大的目的目标，只是生命的旅程和道路。

200字英语美文篇二

　A woman baked chapatti for members of her family and an extra one for a hungry passerby. She kept the extra chapatti on the window sill. Every day, a hunchback came and took away the chapatti. Instead of expressing gratitude, he muttered the following words as he went his way: ?The evil you do remains with you: The good you do, comes back to you!?

　一个女人给家人烤薄饼，还留出一个给饥肠辘辘的路人。她总是把留出的那个放在窗台上，每天都有一个驼背的人来拿走薄饼。他没说过一句?谢谢?，反而总是边走边咕哝着：?善有善报，恶有恶报!?

　The woman felt irritated. ?Not a word of gratitude,? she said to herself Everyday this hunchback utters this jingle! What does he mean? One day, she decided to do away with him. She added poison to the chapatti she prepared for him!

　女人很生气，她自言自语地说：?这个驼背人从没说过谢谢，却每天都重复这句话，是什么意思呀?一天，她决定弄他，就在为他准备的薄饼上下了毒。

　As she was about to keep it on the window sill, her hands trembled. ?What is this I am doing? she said. Immediately, she threw the chapatti into the fire, prepared another one. As usual, the hunchback came, picked up the chapatti and muttered the words: ?The evil you do, remains with you: The good you do, comes back to you!?

　她正要把饼放在窗台上，手就开始颤抖了，她说：?我在做什么?她马上把饼扔进了火里，重新做了一张。一切照旧，驼背人来了，拿起薄饼，咕哝着：?善有善报，恶有恶报!?

　Every day, as the woman placed the chapatti on the window sill, she offered a prayer for her son who had gone to a distant place to seek his fortune.

　每天女人把饼放窗台上时都为去远方赚钱的儿子祈祷。

　That evening, there was a knock on the door. As she opened it, she was surprised to find her son standing in the doorway. He was hungry and weak. As he saw his mother, he said, ?Mom, it?s a miracle I?m here. While I was but a mile away, I was so famished that I collapsed. I would have died, but just then an old hunchback passed by. He was kind enough to give me a whole chapatti. He said, ?Your need is greater than mine!?

　那天晚上，有人敲门，她打开门惊讶地发现儿子站在门口，他很饿很虚弱。一看见妈妈他就说：?妈妈，我能回来真是奇迹。离家还有一英里远的时候，我太饿了走不动了。我差点儿就了，但就在那时一个老驼背人路过，他很善良给了我一整张饼。他说：?你比我更需要它?。?

　She remembered the poisoned chapatti that she had made that morning. Had she not burnt it in the fire, it would have been eaten by her own son!

　她想起了那天早上做的有毒的饼，要不是她把饼烧了，就会被她儿子吃了!

　It was then that she realized the significance of the words: ?The evil you do remains with you: The good you do, comes back to you!? Do good and don?t ever stop doing good, even if it is not appreciated at that time.

　那时她才意识到这句话的重要性：?善有善报，恶有恶报!?多行善举，即使当时不被人感激也要坚持下去。

200字英语美文篇三

　"I worked as a bartender/waitress at a bar inside an upscale health-food grocery store (it's a real thing, I promise). Most of our clientele was well-off retirees and 30-something recently divorced men hoping to get a date with someone coming in after a yoga class. Generally a nice group of customers, but definitely rich, uptight people. Forgetting to bring salt to some might be a huge offense, but automatically bringing it causes others to give you a lecture about sodium intake. It was a difficult balancing act.

　?我曾在一家高档健康食品杂货店里面担任酒吧的酒保兼服务生(真的是健康食品，我保证)。我们的大多数客户是富裕的退休人员和30岁刚离婚并希望与一个刚上完瑜伽课的女人约会的男人。基本上都是些很友善的顾客，不过都真的有钱，而且要求比较高。忘记给他们送上盐可能会引起他们的强烈反感，但拿了盐的话他们又会给你上一门有关钠摄入量的课。这个动作的轻重真的很难拿捏。?

　"It was St. Patrick's Day. There was also a March Madness game with the local university team playing and we were short-staffed. Needless to say, it was an insane evening with me rushing around serving corned beef and cabbage, pouring Guinness, and making sure no one was becoming belligerent.

　?那天是圣帕特里克节，当时正在进行?疯狂三月?的比赛，当地大学的校队有参加，我们人手不够。不用说，这是一个疯狂的夜晚，我不断奔波着为客户提供腌牛肉和卷心菜，以及吉尼斯黑啤酒，并确保没有人要斗殴。?

　"For some reason, the bar supervisor always liked to have food specials on display for people to see. While I get the concept, it generally just caused us to get mean looks when we told people they probably shouldn't eat it, as it wasn't a sample and had been sitting out for hours. Since it was St. Patrick's Day, we had a giant display of the corned beef and cabbage dinner special, complete with gravy, potatoes, and Irish beer bread.

　?由于某些原因，酒吧主管总是喜欢把特荐美食陈列出来给人看。虽然我懂这是为什么，但这对于我们(服务人员)来说真的很麻烦，总是让我们糟人冷眼，因为我们必须告诉顾客这些不是试吃品，而且它们已经被放在这里几小时了。由于当时是圣帕特里克节，我们摆出了大量的腌牛肉配卷心菜特餐，并且还配有肉汁、土豆和爱尔兰啤酒面包。

　"As the night was beginning to slow down, I had an older couple sit at the only open seats -- adjacent to our food displays. I was clearing tables and leaned over to let them know I'd be right with them, and a plate slid off the mountain of dishes I was carrying, plopping right into the food display. The 12-hour-old gravy and potatoes somehow still had some fluidity to them, and flew up, then dropped? right into the man's lap.

　?随着当晚的高峰期开始结束，我让一对老夫妇坐在仅剩的空位上----与我们摆出的食物相邻。当时我正在清理桌子，但身体也向们倾斜好让他们知道我马上会去他们那里，就在这时，手里堆在最上面的一个盘子滑落了，正好砸向了陈列出的食物。那保存了十二小时的肉汁和马铃薯不知怎么居然还没凝固，溅了起来，而后又掉落，不偏不倚落到了男人的膝盖上。

　"I was horrified and apologizing profusely while trying to set down the mountain of dishes. The man looked up and me and said, 'I just have one thing to tell you.' He slowly leaned in -- at which point I was thinking he was about to spit in my face -- and he said, 'I don't have to fart anymore, you scared it out of me.'

　?我顿时感到了惊骇，一边放下手里堆积如山的盘子一边不停地道歉。那个男人抬头看了我说道，?我只想告诉你一件事。?他慢慢将身体倾斜------当我以为他要向我脸上吐唾沫时------然后他说，?我终于不用再放屁了，你已经把它吓出来了。?

　"It was the laugh I needed that night, and he wouldn't even let me give him a free beer as an apology." -- Belinda Farragut

　?于是我开怀大笑了起来，而这正是我当晚需要的，他甚至不要我给他免费的啤酒作为道歉。?------Belinda Farragut

英语单词造句（难，使用翻译机者勿入）

歌曲名:home

歌手:Breaking Benjamin

专辑:saturate

I've got a little red bow

and I bought it for you

'cause I know you're not fair

I don't get it, oh well

and you color my skin

and the colors don't blend

'cause I'm gonna get you

and your little dog too

there's a yellow brick road

that we follow back home

'cause I know you can't wait

your belligerent hate

there's no place like home

like home

I've, got a southern belle too

and ruby red shoes

and a body of straw

are you sick of it all?

there's a man made of tin

with an oil can grin

and I'm gonna get you

and your little dog too

there's a yellow brick road

that we follow back home

and I know you can't wait

your belligerent hate

there's no place like home

there's a little white porch

and you wanted it so

and you let me go down

to the end of the road

and the black and the white

a technicolorful life

can I stand by your side?

like home

we can make it alright

'cause I'm home

there's a little white porch

and you wanted it so

and you let me go down

to the end of the road

and the black and the white

a technicolorful life

then another arrived

it's a cowardly lion

what I want from this world

what I wanna resolve

when I want you to stay

so I want you to wait

I don't wanna be bold

I don't wanna be cold

I don't wanna grow old

求英语单词中的常用名词-越多越好

想必不会让你失望：

1. spheroid

Technical a shape that is similar to a ball, but not a perfect sphere.

名词[专业术语] 扁球体，椭球体

造句：The professor is describing the definition of spheroid to us.

教授正在给我们描述椭球体的定义。

2. closure

名词(1). （永久性的）关闭，停业

造句：Today the announced the closure of that hospital near our community.

今天政府宣布关闭我们社区附近的那家医院。

名词(2). 封闭

造句：It is impossible to fulfill the closure of Brooklyn in rush day.

交通繁忙期间不可能对布鲁克林大桥实行封闭。

3. gambit

名词(1). 策略，妙招，神来之笔，（精心策划的）妙计

造句：What a clever debating gambit it is!

这是多么巧妙的辩论策略啊！

名词(2). （国际象棋中的）开局时的布局

造句：He's perfect gambit leads to his final victory.

巧妙的开局布局让他获得了最后的胜利.

4. cretin

名词 [通常口语] 笨蛋，白痴

Don't be such a cretin! She's not gonna love you!

别那么傻了！她根本不爱你！

5. hedonist

名词快乐主义者，享乐主义者

造句：He is a hedonist because he believe that pleasure is the most important thing in life.

他是个享乐主义者，因为他觉得生活中开心快乐最重要。

6. amenity

名词便利设施，娱乐（消遣）场所

造句：This is a wonderful town with all the amenities of a city.

这是一个拥有城市所有便利设施的精品小镇。

7. comely

形容词 [文学词汇] （指女性）标致的，秀美的

造句：She has a comely face.

她有一张秀美的脸。

8. rationalize

动词合理地解释，找出合理的理由，使合理化

造句：He was still trying to rationalize his decision to be absent from the meeting.

他仍在试图为他缺席会议进行辩解。

9. moot

形容词(1) （指某情况或行动）不会再发生的，不会再存在的

造句：The fear that she could be hurt is moot now that her husband has been imprisoned.

由于她丈夫已经被监禁，她不会再害怕受到伤害了。

形容词(2) （指论点或问题）争论未决的，还未有结论的

造句：Whether these proposal will really reduce the cost is a moot point.

这些提议能否真正降低成本尚有争议。

动词（常用被动）被提出供考虑，被提出供参考

造句：The quesion of changing the membership rules was mooted at the last meeting.

修改会员章程的问题是在上一次会议上提出审议的。

10. imbibe

动词(1) [正式或者幽默用语] 喝，饮（通常指酒）

造句：Having imbibed too much, he fell forward against the table.

由于酒喝得太多，他一头栽在桌子上。

动词(2) 接受并受到影响（指品质，观点或价值等）

造句：He is imbibing radical political ideas and being into fever.

他受激进的政治主张的影响，进而变得很狂热。

11. convert

动词(1) 使转变，转化，转换（指形状外观，体系制度或者意图目的）

造句：This is part of the process of converting iron into steel.

这是把铁变成钢的步骤中的一部分。

动词(2) 使改变（看法，习惯等）

造句：I've converted to decaffeinated coffee.

我改喝不含咖啡因的咖啡。

动词(3) 使皈依

造句：She has converted to Islam.

她皈依了伊斯兰教。

名词皈依宗教者，改变信仰者

造句：He was a Buddhist, but now he is a convert to Christianity。

他以前是佛教徒，但现在他改信基督教了。

12. reconciliation

名词和解，一致，调和（指争吵或分歧之后）

造句：There seemed little hope of reconciliation between the two superpowers.

看不到两个超级大国之间有什么和解的希望。

13. prowess

名词 [正式用语] 高超的技艺，技能

造句：Leopards are known ofr their hunting prowess.

豹子以其高超的捕猎技巧而闻名。

14. dissipate

动词 [正式用语] 使消失，消散（常指物）

造句：Argentina's arrogance was dissipated by a 3-0 defeat by the Brazil.

阿根廷对被巴西队以3-0击败之后，其嚣张傲慢的气焰消失殆尽。

15. stalwart

名词忠实拥趸（指某组织或某种思想）

造句：They are Conservative party stalwarts.

他们是保守党的忠实拥趸。

形容词(1) 忠实的

造句：Britain is a stalwart ally of United States.

英国是美国的忠实盟友。

形容词(2) [正式用语] 强壮的，健壮的（指外表）

造句：He is so stalwart that he can lift a car.

他很强壮，以至于能够举起一辆车。

16. plummet

动词(1) 暴跌，骤然跌落（指价格或数量上）

造句：Being in the current financial crisis, house prices have plummeted.

在当前的金融危机情况下，房价已经暴跌。

动词(2) 坠落，栽下来（指从高处突然迅速地）

造句：The plane plummeted towards the earth.

那飞机迅速坠向地面。

17. mandatory

形容词依法必须做的，强制性的，义务的

造句：Inspection of imported meat is mandatory.

对进口肉类的检查是强制性的。

18. oust;

动词强迫（某人）放弃职权，撵走（以取而代之）

造句：The attempt to oust the Conservatives from power is vain.

把保守党人撵下台的努力是白费的。

19. proverbial

形容词(1) 俗语所说的，常言中的

造句：This is not the proverbial free lunch!

这并不是俗话所说的免费午餐！

形容词(2) 众所周知的

造句：It was a level of corruption which became proverbial.

那是这是真的的腐败。

20. belligerent

形容词(1) 敌对的，好斗的，好挑衅的

造句：He always exhibits a belligerent attitude against cops.

他对警察总是抱有敌对的态度。

形容词(2) [正式用语] 交战中的（指国家）

造句：Iraq was a belligerent country with Kuwait in the past years.

伊拉克和科威特在过去处于交战状态。

Done!

什么是英语词根

只贴出来A-B的单词,其他的已经打包到你的QQ邮箱.

abuse

aborigine

abomination

abbess

abdication

abscess

abhorrence

abbey

absolutism

abode

abutment

abrasion

absence

aberration

abatement

abstruseness

abstemiousness

abduction

absorption

abnormality

abnegation

abundance

abbot

abstract

aboriginal

abbreviation

abdomen

Abo

abstainer

abortion

ABC

abeyance

abrogation

absenteeism

abruptness

abrasive

abandonment

abolition

abstraction

abstinence

abstention

absorbent

absurdity

ablution

aborigines

ability

abjuration

ablative

abyss

abracadabra

abacus

abolitionist

abortionist

abattoir

absentee

ablaut

absolution

abseil

abasement

acetone

acropolis

acrylic

acreage

acclivity

acrobat

acridity

actinism

achievement

acetylene

academy

acrimony

acronym

accident

acne

accession

activation

accord

actress

acquaintance

academician

acclaim

acolyte

accomplice

accumulator

acquisition

acacia

acorn

accent

accusation

acceptor

act

acrostic

access

account

academic

accordance

actor

aconite

accordion

acidosis

accessory

acquisitiveness

ache

accusative

acceptability

accessibility

acuteness

accolade

acceleration

accompanist

acoustics

activity

accountancy

acre

acoustic

actuality

activist

acrobatics

acumen

activeness

acting

accommodation

active

actuary

accelerator

accompaniment

acquittal

accuracy

accrual

acclamation

accentuation

Achilles

accretion

acid

accountant

accelerando

acupuncturist

ace

acceptance

acme

acquiescence

acupuncture

accumulation

accomplishment

action

acuity

acetate

acidity

advisability

adornment

adversary

addiction

admass

adjudicator

advert

adult

adder

adultery

adjacency

addict

adenoids

adobe

adhesion

advocacy

admiral

adept

adman

admixture

adjuration

adroitness

adjustment

adherent

advocate

adjudication

admiration

adolescent

adoption

adaptability

adolescence

advertiser

adulation

admiralty

adiposity

advertising

adulteration

adaptation

adaptor

adventure

advantage

adhesive

adsorption

adulthood

administrator

ado

address

admission

adversity

adumbration

admissibility

addition

adjutant

adoration

addendum

adequacy

advancement

advance

additive

administration

adjunct

advent

Adventist

adagio

Adam

adverb

advice

adherence

adrenalin

admittance

adjective

adage

aeronautics

aerobatics

aerodynamics

aerodrome

aerospace

aeration

aegis

aerobics

aerosol

afterthought

affection

affray

African

affinity

affluence

Afrikaans

affirmative

aficionado

afterlife

afterbirth

affability

affliction

afterglow

affiliate

Afrikaner

affair

affront

afternoon

Afghan

affectation

affiliation

affidavit

aftershave

affirmation

affix

afforestation

agronomist

agoraphobia

aggressor

age

agriculture

agglutination

agglomeration

agitator

aggression

agreement

agency

agglomerate

aggregate

aggressiveness

agenda

agony

agronomy

aggravation

aggro

agnostic

agitprop

agility

agitation

agnail

aggregation

agriculturist

agoraphobic

agate

agent

agnosticism

airlock

aid

aitch

airmail

airbrush

airing

airliner

aimlessness

airsickness

aircraftman

airfield

airwoman

aircrew

airman

aircraftwoman

airgun

aitchbone

airworthiness

Airbus

ailment

airplane

airline

airship

aircraft

aileron

aide

airport

aim

airlift

aisle

airspace

airway

air

altercation

allegory

allegation

alphabet

alliance

alkali

alibi

allergy

altogether

almoner

allegro

algebra

alcohol

alto

alabaster

allegretto

alcove

alertness

alleviation

altruism

allotment

alehouse

alpha

alien

almond

alarm

alliteration

albumen

alert

alms

alloy

ale

alfalfa

alpenstock

album

algae

alkalinity

allusion

alpaca

allowance

allurement

albumin

alligator

alacrity

alumnus

algorithm

alimony

Alsatian

albino

allure

altruist

alcoholism

alienation

alpine

aloe

alias

alchemist

alarmist

alumna

alternation

alchemy

almshouse

altar

alteration

alderman

alternative

alignment

altitude

allocation

alp

alternator

Allah

albatross

alum

alley

altimeter

ally

alder

aloofness

allegiance

amanuensis

amendment

ambition

ambergris

amalgamation

amorousness

amends

ammunition

ambiguity

ambassadress

American

amazement

amputation

amicability

amphetamine

amazon

ambit

ambivalence

amateurism

ambiguousness

amethyst

ambulance

amulet

ammeter

amnesia

ambassador

ambrosia

ammonia

ambush

amplifier

amperage

amplitude

amp

ammonite

amnesty

amelioration

amity

amateur

amber

ampersand

amalgam

amphibian

Amerindian

amplification

amour

amenity

amount

Americanism

amiability

amble

antithesis

annihilation

angora

anorak

antler

anthropologist

anthill

angst

anarchist

anomaly

anthology

annunciation

anarchism

antitoxin

anchor

anthrax

anatomist

annuitant

anemone

anise

anchovy

anvil

anticlimax

anagram

antecedent

anorexia

angularity

antiquity

analysis

annals

antipodes

anthropomorphism

anathema

anodyne

analogy

annual

animator

anecdote

anticyclone

anopheles

annexation

Anglophobia

angelica

anther

anatomy

animation

Anglophobe

anger

anonymity

ankle

angle

analgesia

anchorage

anchorite

angling

annalist

antihistamine

antagonist

annulment

announcer

anachronism

antiperspirant

antecedence

antacid

anus

anthem

animosity

antagonism

antifreeze

anniversary

antonym

anguish

antiseptic

anaconda

anthropoid

antidote

antic

antelope

antigen

answerphone

analyst

ancestry

animism

angel

Anglican

antiquarian

anxiety

angler

animadversion

antibody

annotation

Anglicism

anthracite

ant

anthologist

ancestor

anaphora

angelus

aniline

anarchy

ante

antique

answer

anode

anthropology

antechamber

animus

annoyance

antenatal

animalcule

antibiotic

Anglophile

annuity

andante

animal

announcement

anglophone

antenna

appro

apparatus

ape

appendix

apparition

apricot

aptitude

applecart

apology

appliance

applique

applicator

applicant

apron

apprentice

appraisal

apoplexy

appositeness

April

appointment

aptness

appeal

apiarist

aperitif

apotheosis

aphasia

apogee

appointee

Apocrypha

apostrophe

appropriation

appetite

aperture

apathy

apostle

apprehension

approach

appreciation

applause

appendage

appellation

aphorism

apothecary

apologetics

apartment

applicability

appendicitis

appropriateness

apartheid

apportionment

apologist

apse

apprenticeship

aphrodisiac

appeasement

aperient

aorta

aphid

approachability

apostasy

apocalypse

apparel

apiary

apex

apostate

appearance

apposition

approximation

approval

approbation

apple

application

appellant

applejack

aplomb

appurtenance

Aryan

armlet

armament

arch

arboretum

arpeggio

areca

armature

aroma

archaeology

artificiality

archduke

aqueduct

arousal

arm

artfulness

arete

artistry

Armageddon

armistice

arrangement

arrogance

arithmetician

aridness

Aquarius

armchair

arable

artwork

area

archaism

Aqualung

array

armful

argument

architecture

arbitrariness

arena

arachnid

aristocracy

articulateness

aquatint

arcade

armpit

archaeologist

art

armadillo

architect

arthritic

armhole

argon

artillery

archipelago

arsenal

arrest

Arabian

archer

arraignment

archangel

ark

armada

英国纽卡斯尔和中国的天津各自的历史

词根（root）是基本构词的基本词素，与词缀相对并携带主要词汇信息。

英语单词构成有其规律，很好的掌握了构词规律，才可以很好、很快的、准确的记忆单词。英语单词构词法的核心部分，在于词根，词的意义主要是由组成单词的词根体现出来的。

词根可以单独构成词，也可以彼此组合成词，通过前缀后缀来改变单词的词性和意义。（词根和词缀叫构词语素）也就是说，单词一般由三部分组成：词根、前缀和后缀。词根决定单词意思，前缀改变单词词义，后缀决定单词词性。

扩展资料：

一个英语单词可以分为三个部分：前缀（prefix），词根（stem）及后缀（suffix）。单词中位于词根前面的部分就是前缀。前缀，可以改变单词的意思。

常见的前缀有如下几类：

第一类：表示正负（或增减）的，如：un-in-im-il-ir-non-mis-mal-dis-anti-de-under-re-over-等；

第二类表示尺寸的，如：semi-equi-mini-micro-macro-mega-等；

第三类表示位置关系，如：inter-super-trans-ex-extra-sub-infra-peri-等；

第四类表示时间和次序，如：ante-pre-prime-post-retro-等；

第五类表示数字，如：semi-mono-bi-tri-quad-penta-hex-sept(em)-oct-dec-multi-等；

其它类别，如：pro-auto-co-con-等。

参考资料：

百度百科词根

同样的英语单词因为读音不同词性就不同的有哪些

纽卡斯尔

Roman

The first settlement in what is now Newcastle was Pons Aelius, a Roman fort and bridge across the River Tyne and given the family name of the Roman Emperor Hadrian who founded it in the 2nd century AD. The population of Pons Aelius at this period was estimated at 2,000. Hadrian's Wall is still visible in parts of Newcastle, particularly along the West Road. The course of the "Roman Wall" can also be traced eastwards to the Segedunum Roman fort in Wallsend - the wall's end and to the supply fort Arbeia in South Shields. The extent of Hadrian's Wall was 73 miles (117 km), spanning the width of Britain; the wall incorporated Agricola's Ditch[9] and was constructed primarily to prevent unwanted immigration from the north, not as a fighting line for a major invasion.[10]

Anglo-Saxon and Norman

Blackgate, part of Newcastle Castle.After the Roman departure from Britain, completed in 410, Newcastle became part of the powerful Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria, and became known throughout this period as Monkchester.[11] After a series of conflicts with the Danes and the devastation north of the River Tyne inflicted by Odo of Bayeux after the 1080 rebellion against the Normans, Monkchester was all but destroyed. Because of its strategic position, Robert Curthose, son of William the Conqueror, erected a wooden castle there in the year 1080 and the town was henceforth known as Novum Castellum or New Castle.

Middle Ages

Throughout the Middle Ages, Newcastle was England's northern fortress. A 25-foot (7.6 m) high stone wall was built around the town in the 13th century, to defend it from invaders during the Border war against Scotland. The Scots king William the Lion was imprisoned in Newcastle in 1174, and Edward I brought the Stone of Scone and William Wallace south through the town. Newcastle was successfully defended against the Scots three times during the 14th century, and was created a county corporate with its own sheriff by Henry IV in 1400.

16th to 19th century

From 1530 a royal act restricted all shipments of coal from Tyneside to Newcastle Quayside, giving a monopoly in the coal trade to a cartel of Newcastle burgesses known as the Hostmen. This monopoly, which lasted for a considerable time, helped Newcastle prosper, but it had its impact on the growth of near-neighbours Sunderland, causing a Tyneside and a Wearside rivalry that still exists. In the Sandgate area, to the east of the city and beside the river, resided the close-knit community of keelmen and their families. They were so called because they worked on the keels, boats that were used to transfer coal from the river banks to the waiting colliers, for export to London and elsewhere.

An engraving by William Miller of Newcastle in 1832During the English Civil War, Newcastle supported the king and in 1644 was stormed ('with roaring drummes') by Cromwell's Scots allies, based in pro-Parliament Sunderland. The grateful King bestowed the motto "Fortiter Defendit Triumphans" ("Triumphing by a brave defence") upon the town. Ironically, Charles was imprisoned in Newcastle by the Scots in 1646-7.

In the 18th century, Newcastle was the country's fourth largest print centre after London, Oxford and Cambridge, and the Literary and Philosophical Society of 1793, with its erudite debates and large stock of books in several languages, predated the London Library by half a century. Newcastle also became a glass producer with a reputation for brilliant flint glass.[12]

Newcastle's development as a major city, however, owed most to its central role in the export of coal. The phrase taking coals to Newcastle was first recorded in 1538. In the 19th century, shipbuilding and heavy engineering were central to the city's prosperity; and the city was a powerhouse of the Industrial Revolution. Innovation in Newcastle and surrounding areas included the development of safety lamps, Stephenson's Rocket, Lord Armstrong's artillery, Be-Ro flour, Joseph Swan's electric light bulbs, and Charles Parsons' invention of the steam turbine, which led to the revolution of marine propulsion and the production of cheap electricity.

20th century

Heavy industries in Newcastle declined in the second half of the 20th century; office and retail employment are now the city's staples.

The development of the city in the 1960s and 1970s saw the demolition of part of Grainger Town as a prelude to the modernist rebuilding initiatives of T. Dan Smith, the leader of Newcastle City Council. A corruption scandal was uncovered involving Smith and John Poulson, a property developer, and both were jailed. Echoes of the scandal were revisited in the late 1990s in the BBC TV mini-series, Our Friends in the North.

天津

The land where Tianjin lies today was created in historical times by sedimentation of various rivers entering the sea at bay area of Bohai (渤海湾), including the Yellow River, which entered the sea in this area at one point.

The opening of the Grand Canal of China during the Sui Dynasty prompted the development of Tianjin into a trading center. Until 1404, Tianjin was called "Zhigu" (直沽), or "Straight Port". In that year, the Emperor Yong le renamed the city Tianjin, literally means "the Heavenly Ford", to indicate that the Emperor (son of heaven) forded the river at that point. This is because he had indeed forded the river in Tianjin while on a campaign to scramble for the throne from his nephew. Later on, a fort was established in Tianjin, known as "Tianjin Wei" (simplified Chinese: 天津卫; traditional Chinese: 天津卫; pinyin: Tiānjīnwèi), the Fort of Tianjin.

Tianjin was promoted to a prefecture in 1725. Tianjin County was established under the prefecture in 1731.

In 1856, Chinese soldiers boarded The Arrow, a Chinese-owned ship registered in Hong Kong flying the British flag and suspected of piracy, smuggling and of being engaged in the opium trade. They captured 12 men and imprisoned them. In response, the British and French sent gunboats under the command of Admiral Sir Michael Seymour to capture the Dagu forts (大沽炮台) near Tianjin in May 1858. At the end of the first part of the Second Opium War in June of the same year, the Treaties of Tianjin were signed, which opened Tianjin to foreign trade. The treaties were ratified by the Emperor of China in 1860, and Tianjin was formally opened to the outside world. Between 1895 and 1900, Britain and France were joined by Japan, Germany and Russia, and even by countries without other Chinese concessions such as Austria-Hungary, Italy and Belgium, in establishing self-contained concessions in Tianjin, each with its own prisons, schools, barracks and hospitals.

The presence of foreign influence in Tianjin was not always peaceful; one of the most serious violent incidents to take place was the Tianjin Church Incident (天津教案). In June 1870, Wang hai lou Church (T: 望海楼教堂 / S: 望海楼教堂) in Tianjin, built by French Roman Catholic missionaries, was accused of the kidnapping and brainwash Chinese children. The rumor has that nuns were preserving children's eyes (it seems that the confusion came from the jars of pickle with small onions in the kitchen). On June 21, the magistrate of Tianjin County initiated a showdown at the church that developed into violent clashes between the church's Christian supporters and non-Christian Tianjin residents. The furious protestors eventually burned down Wanghailou Church and the nearby French consulate. After the incident, France and six other Western nations complained to the Qing , which was forced to pay compensation for the incident.

In June 1900, the Boxers were able to seize control of much of Tianjin. On June 26, belligerent European forces heading towards Beijing were stopped by Boxers at nearby Langfang, and were defeated and forced to turn back to Tianjin. The foreign concessions also came under siege for several weeks.

In July 1900, the Eight Nation United Army attacked and occupied Tianjin. They soon established the Tianjin Provisional Government, composed of representatives from each of the occupying forces (Russian, British, Japanese, German, French, American, Austro-Hungarian, and Italian). Tianjin was governed by this council until August 15, 1902 when the city was returned to Qing control. Eminent Qing General Yuan Shikai headed efforts to remake Tianjin into a modern city, establishing the first modern Chinese police force here.

Tianjin was established as a municipality of China(直辖市) in 1927.

Western nations were permitted to garrison the area to ensure open access to Peking. The British maintained a brigade of two battalions there, and the Italians, French, Japanese, Germans, Russians, and Austro-Hungarians maintained understrength regiments; the United States did not initially participate. During World War I, the German and Austro-Hungarian garrisons were captured and held as Prisoners of War by Allied Forces while the Bolshevik withdrew the Russian garrison in 1918. In 1920, the remaining participating nations asked the United States to join them, and the US then sent the 15th Infantry Regiment, less one battalion, to Tientsin from the Philippines.

Garrison duty was highly regarded by the troops. General George C Marshall, the "architect of victory" in World War II when he was the United States Army Chief of Staff, served at Tientsin in the 1920s as Executive Officer of the 15th Infantry. The US withdrew this unit in 1938 and a US presence was maintained only by the dispatch of a small US Marine Corps contingent from the Embassy Guard at Peking.

On July 30, 1937, Tianjin fell to Japan, as part of the Second Sino-Japanese War, but was not entirely occupied, as the Japanese for the most part respected foreign concessions until 1941, when the American and British concessions were occupied. In the summer of 1939, there occurred a major crisis in Anglo-Japanese relations with the Tientsin Incident. On June 14, 1939, the Imperial Japanese Army surrounded and blockaded the British concession over the refusal of the British authorities to hand over to the Japanese six Chinese who had assassinated a locally prominent Japanese collaborator, and had taken refuge in the British concession. For a time, the 1939 crisis appeared likely to cause an Anglo-Japanese war, especially when reports of the maltreatment by the Japanese Army of British subjects wishing to leave or enter the concession appeared in the British press. The crisis ended when the British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain was advised by the Royal Navy and the Foreign Office that the only way to force the Japanese to lift the blockade was to send the main British battle fleet to Far Eastern waters, and that given the current crisis in Europe that it would be inappropriate to send the British fleet out of European waters, thus leading the British to finally turn over the six Chinese, who were then executed by the Japanese. During the Japanese occupation, Tianjin was ruled by the North China Executive Committee, a puppet state based in Beijing.

On August 9, 1940, all of the British troops in Tianjin were ordered to withdraw. On November 14, 1941 the American Marine unit stationed in Tianjin was ordered to leave, but before this could be accomplished, the Japanese attacked the United States. The small 47 man American Marine detachment surrendered to the Japanese on December 8, 1941. Only the Italian and French concessions (the local French officials were loyal to Vichy) were allowed to continue by the Japanese. Japanese occupation lasted until August 15, 1945, the surrender of Japan marking the end of World War II.

Gate monument (paifang) extolling ConfuciusAfter 1945, Tianjin became base to American forces. In December 1946, the rape of a Beiping （北平）(now Beijing（北京）) female university student by an American soldier, together with a series of rapes that had previously occurred in Tianjin, sparked protests in Tianjin that culminated in a demonstration on January 1, 1947, involving thousands of students. American troops pulled out of Tianjin in June 1947.

Communist forces took Tianjin on January 15, 1949, following a 29-hour long battle. After the communist takeover, Tianjin remained a municipality of China, except between 1958 and 1967, when it became part of Hebei province and its capital. The Tangshan earthquake of 1976 killed 23,938 people in Tianjin and wrought heavy damage on the city.

After China began to open up in the late 1970s, Tianjin has seen rapid development, though it is now lagging behind other important cities like Shanghai, Beijing, and Guangzhou. Tianjin is now home to the Binhai New Area, a Pudong-like special economic zone that is supposed to balance out Shanghai's obvious commercial superiority.

too much examples, pls pay more attention to sum up!

homograph同形异义字

A homograph n. 同形异义字(from the Greek: ?μ?, homós, "same" and γρ?φω, gráphō, "write") is one of a group of words that share the same spelling but have different meanings. When spoken, the meanings may be distinguished by different pronunciations (in which case the words are also heteronyms) or they may not (in which case the words are also both homophones and homonyms[1]).

Examples:

(1)

bear (verb) – to support or carry

bear (noun) – the animal

In (1) the words are identical in spelling and pronunciation (i.e. they are also homophones), but differ in meaning and grammatical function.

(2)

sow (verb) – to plant seed

sow (noun) – female pig

(2) is an example of two words spelt identically but pronounced differently. Here confusion is not possible in spoken language.

Homograph disambiguation n. 解疑, 消除模棱两可情况is critically important in speech synthesis, natural language processing and other fields.

Identically-spelled different senses of what is judged to be fundamentally the same word are called polysemes; for example, wood (substance) and wood (area covered with trees).

Word Example of first meaning Example of second meaning

lead The thieves stole all the lead from the roof. I gave the dog a new lead for Christmas.

close "Will you please close that door!" The tiger was now so close that I could smell it...

wind Frank's arthritic fingers could not wind up the clock again. The wind howled through the woodlands.

The words in this list have the same spelling but different pronunciations.

abstract

/?bstr?kt/ (a), (n)

/?b?str?kt/ (v)

abuse

/?bju?s/ (n) There is a time, the hoary head of inveterate abuse will neither draw reverence, nor obtain protection.

/?bju?z/ (v) It is the characteristic of the English drunkard to abuse his wife and family.

address

AmE and BrE /?dr?s/ (v)

AmE /?dr?s/ BrE /?dr?s/ (n)

allied

/?la?d/ (a) The vice is of a great kindred: it is well allied.

/?la?d/ (a) The Treaty of Vienna..had bound the Allied Powers to make war together upon Napoleon.

ally

/?la?/ (n) He became the ally of a boy named Aubrey Mills and founded with him a gang of adventurers in the avenue.

/?la?/ (v) No foreign power will ally with us.

articulate

/ɑr?t?kj?le?t/ (v) The tourists are the ones who always try to articulate every syllable when they speak the language.

/ɑr?t?kj?l?t/ (a) In one decade, the image of youth went from radicals uttering rage-filled rhetoric to the much less articulate valley girl or surfer wannabe.

axes

/?ks?z/ (v) The lumberjack axes the trees to the ground. (third-person singular simple present of to axe/ax)

/?ks?z/ (n) I cut down the tree with two axes. (plural of axe/ax)

/?ksi?z/ (n) The x and y axes intersect at (0,0). (plural of axis)

ay/aye

/?a?/ (adv) He voted aye on the legislation he had sponsored.

/?e?/ (adv) They vowed their undying love for aye.

bass

/?be?s/ (n) Joey auditioned for the band while it was seeking someone to play bass.

/?b?s/ (n) The store was selling an animatronic bigmouth bass that would open its mouth and sing "Take Me to the River" whenever someone passed by.

bow

/?ba?/ (v) Satoshi always made sure to bow before the emperor.

/?bo?/ (n) The hordes of warriors making their way through the forest fought with bow and arrow.

buffet

AmE /b?fe?/, BrE /?b?fe?/ (n) Steamed clams, prawns in mustard sauce and barbecued lamb with cilantro sat at the left edge of the buffet table.

/?b?f?t/ (v) It takes a catastrophe every now and then to buffet the nation out of its laziness and complacency.

celtic

/?k?lt?k/ (n, attributive) The bagpipers, three in number, screamed, during the whole time of dinner, a tremendous war-tune; and the echoing of the vaulted roof, and clang of the Celtic tongue, produced such a Babel of noises, that Waverley dreaded his ears would never recover it. (Walter Scott, Waverley)

/?s?lt?k/ (pn) The Celtics never recovered from a second-quarter slump and never moved the ball well enough to generate consistent offense. (Shira Springer, "Celtics are left in dust", Boston Globe April 18, 2004)

/?klo?z/ (v) Cliff still has to close his eyes to be able to eat calamari.

/?klo?s/ (a) It seemed that the story in the newspaper had hit a little too close to home.

concert

/?k?ns?rt/ (n) We saw the kd lang in concert.

/k?n?s?rt/ (v) We had to concert all our energy to stay awake.

confines

/?k?nfa?nz/ (n pl) Work within the confines of the contract.

/k?n?fa?nz/ (v) But the contract confines my creativity!

conflict

/?k?nfl?kt/ (n) The mother said to her belligerent son, "Violence is no way to resolve conflict!"

/k?n?fl?kt/ (v) The two news reports seem to conflict each other.

console

/?k?nso?l/ (n) The boy was addicted to playing on his video game console.

/k?n?so?l/ (v) Since they had raised him from birth, Jack and Jill had to console each other after their dog died.

contract

/?k?ntr?kt/ (n) The contract was supposed to expire seven years after it was signed.

/k?n?tr?kt/ (v) Derek firmly stated that he would rather contract pneumonia and die than stand outside wearing that ridiculous pink and green poncho.

coop

/?kup/ (n)

/?ko?.?p/ (n) also co-op

crooked

/?kr?kt/ (v) I crooked my arm to show the sleeve.

/?kr?k?d/ (a) Unfortunately, that just made the sleeve looked crooked

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belligerent怎么记-belligerent

几句歌词求英文歌名称，女声

200字英语美文摘抄欣赏

Breaking Benjamin的《home》 歌词

英语单词造句（难，使用翻译机者勿入）

什么是英语词根

英国纽卡斯尔和中国的天津各自的历史

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